【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDeterminationofIn-SituStressinRockUsingHydraulicFracturingMethod
【原文标准名称】:使用水压断裂法测定现场岩石应力的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD4645-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D18.12
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:drillholes;fluidpressure;hydraulicfracturing;insitustress;Breakdownpressure;Caverndesign;Fieldtesting--rock;Fracturetesting--rock;Hydraulicproperties;Hydrofracturedrock;In-situsoil/rocktesting/analysis;Minifracturing;Permeability-
【摘要】:Limitations:Thedepthofmeasurementislimitedonlybythelengthofthetesthole.Presently,theresultsofthehydraulicfracturingmethodcanbeinterpretedintermsofin-situstressesonlyiftheboreholesareapproximatelyparalleltooneofthethreeprincipalin-situstresses.Unlessevidencetothecontraryexists,verticalboreholesareassumedtobeparalleltooneofthein-situprincipalstresses.Whentheprincipalstressparalleltotheboreholeaxisisnottheleastprincipalstress,onlythetwootherprincipalstressescanbedetermineddirectlyfromthetest.Iftheminimumstressactsalongtheboreholeaxis,fracturesbothparallelandperpendiculartotheaxisoftheboreholearesometimesinducedbythetest,allowingforthedeterminationofallthreeprincipalstresses.Intheunlikelyeventthattheinducedfracturechangesorientationawayfromtheborehole,itstraceontheboreholewallcannotbeusedinstressdeterminations.Assumptions:Therocktestedisassumedtobelinearlyelastic,homogeneous,andisotropic.Anyexcessivedeparturefromtheseassumptionscouldaffecttheresults.Verticalboreholesareassumedtobesubstantiallyparalleltooneofthein-situprincipalstresses,sinceithasbeenestablishedfrommanygeologicalobservationsandstressmeasurementsbyothermethodsthatinmostcasesoneoftheprincipalstressesisverticaltosubvertical.Hydraulicfracturingdeterminationofin-situstressescanbecomplicatedbyrockmatrixporosity,naturallyoccurringfractures,thepresenceofnearbyundergroundopenings,andlocalvariationsinthestressfield.Note28212;Thequalityoftheresultproducedbythisstandardisdependentonthecompetenceofthepersonnelperformingit,andthesuitabilityoftheequipmentandfacilitiesused.AgenciesthatmeetthecriteriaofPracticeD3740aregenerallyconsideredcapableofcompetentandobjectivetesting/sampling/inspection,etc.UsersofthisstandardarecautionedthatcompliancewithPracticeD3740doesnotinitselfassurereliableresults.Reliableresultsdependonmanyfactors;PracticeD3740providesameansofevaluatingsomeofthosefactors.1.1Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthein-situstateofstressinrockbyhydraulicfracturing.Note18212;Hydraulicfracturingforstressdeterminationisalsoreferredtoashydrofracturing,andsometimesasminifracing.Hydraulicfracturingandhydrofracturingmayalsorefertofracturingoftherockbyfluidpressureforthepurposeofalteringrockproperties,suchaspermeabilityandporosity.1.2Hydraulicfracturingisthewidelyacceptedfieldmethodavailableforinsitustressmeasurementsatdepthsgreaterthan50m.Itcanbeusedindrillholesofanydiameter.1.3Hydraulicfracturingcanalsobeusedinshortholesforwhichotherstressmeasuringmethods,suchasovercoring,arealsoavailable.Theadvantageofhydraulicfracturingisthatityieldsstressesaveragedoverafewsquaremetres(thesizeoftheinducedhydraulicfracture)ratherthanovergrainsizeareas,asinthecaseofovercoringtechniques.1.4AllobservedandcalculatedvaluesshallconformtotheguidelinesforsignificantdigitsandroundingestablishedinPracticeD6026.1.4.1Themethodusedtospecifiyhowdataarecollected,calculated,orrecordedinthisstandardisnotdirectlyrelatedtotheaccuracytowhichthedatacanbeappliedindesignorotheruses,orboth.Howoneappliestheresultsobtainedu......
【中国标准分类号】:P13
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:7P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Resilientfloorcoverings-Specificationforfloorpanelsforlooselaying
【原文标准名称】:弹性地板覆盖物.非固定铺设用预制装配式楼板块的规范
【标准号】:BSEN14085-2003
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:2003-03-13
【实施或试行日期】:2003-03-13
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:柔性;聚氯乙烯;尺寸变化;木材;磨损表面;塑料;板条;敷设;卫生学;分类;油地毡;弹性的;平整度;活动地板铺层;PVC涂层;作标记;弹性织物;硫化橡胶;连接;规范;包装件;定义;污染控制;泡沫橡胶;建筑;地板覆盖物;特性;规范(验收);集块软木;泡沫;尺寸
【英文主题词】:Agglomeratedcork;Classification;Construction;Definitions;Dimensionalchanges;Dimensions;Elastic;Elasticfabrics;Flatness(surface);Flexible;Floorcoverings;Foamed;Foamedrubber;Hygiene;Joints;Laying;Linoleum;Loosefloorcoverings;Marking;Packages;Panels;Plastics;Pollutioncontrol;Polyvinylchloride;Properties;PVCcoverings;Specification;Specification(approval);Vulcanizedrubber;Wearingsurfaces;Wood
【摘要】:ThisEuropeanStandardspecifiesrequirementsandtestmethodsforfloorpanels,whichhavesurfacelayersconsistingofresilientfloorcoverings.Thefloorpanelsareconsideredsuitablefordomesticandcommerciallevelsofuse.Thisspecificationdoesnotapplytoareaswhicharesubjecttofrequentwetting,suchasbathrooms,laundryrooms,saunasorroomswhichrequirewetcleaning.Thisstandardalsoincludestherequirementsformarkingandpackaging.
【中国标准分类号】:Q17
【国际标准分类号】:97_150
【页数】:18P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语