【英文标准名称】:Metalhalidelampswithspectralenergydistributionsimilartonaturallight,forfilmandtelevisionrecordings
【原文标准名称】:电影电视录制用类似天然光的光谱能分布式金属卤素灯
【标准号】:DIN49860-1978
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:1978-09
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:卤素;金属蒸气灯;聚光器(灯);金属卤灯;尺寸;照明系统;电气工程;灯具;电视;性能;灯;底座;卤素灯
【英文主题词】:metal-vapourlamps;projectors(light);dimensions;luminaires;television;lamps;halogen;halidelamps;lightingsystems;plinths;performance;electricalengineering;metalhalidelamps
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:K71
【国际标准分类号】:29_140_30
【页数】:2P;A4
【正文语种】:德语


【英文标准名称】:Nuclearpowerplants-Instrumentationandcontrolsystemsimportanttosafety-Requirementsforcopingwithcommoncausefailure(CCF)
【原文标准名称】:核电站.仪器和控制设备的安全重要性.应对共因失效(CCF)的要求
【标准号】:BSIEC62340-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:2008-03-31
【实施或试行日期】:2008-03-31
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:原因;控制设备;控制工艺学;数据处理;缺陷;定义;电子数据处理;电气工程;失败;故障;事故;信息处理;主计算机;核电厂;核反应堆;核安全;核技术;反应堆防护;反应堆防护系统;反应堆安全;反应堆工艺学;可靠度;安全;安全装置;安全工程;安全系统;规范(验收)
【英文主题词】:Causes;Controlequipment;Controltechnology;Dataprocessing;Defects;Definitions;EDP;Electricalengineering;Fail;Failure;Incidents;Informationprocessing;Main-framecomputers;Nuclearpowerplants;Nuclearreactors;Nuclearsafety;Nucleartechnology;Reactorprotection;Reactorprotectionsystems;Reactorsafety;Reactortechnology;Reliability;Safety;Safetydevices;Safetyengineering;Safetysystems;Specification(approval)
【摘要】:I&Csystemsimportanttosafetymaybedesignedusingconventionalhard-wiredequipment,computer-basedequipmentorbyusingacombinationofbothtypesofequipment.ThisInternationalStandardprovidesrequirementsandrecommendations1fortheoverallarchitectureofI&Csystems,whichmaycontaineitherorbothtechnologies.Thescopeofthisstandardis:a)togiverequirementsrelatedtotheavoidanceofCCFofI&CsystemsthatperformcategoryAfunctions;b)toadditionallyrequiretheimplementationofindependentI&CsystemstoovercomeCCF,whilethelikelihoodofCCFisreducedbystrictlyapplyingtheoverallsafetyprinciplesofIECSC45A(notablyIEC61226,IEC61513,IEC60880andIEC60709);c)togiveanoverviewofthecompletescopeofrequirementsrelevanttoCCF,butnottooverlapwithfieldsalreadyaddressedinotherstandards.Thesearereferenced.Thisstandardemphasisestheneedforthecompleteandprecisespecificationofthesafetyfunctions,basedontheanalysisofdesignbasisaccidentsandconsiderationofthemainplantsafetygoals.Thisspecificationisthepre-requisiteforgeneratingacomprehensivesetofdetailedrequirementsforthedesignofI&CsystemstoovercomeCCF.ThisstandardprovidesprinciplesandrequirementstoovercomeCCFbymeanswhichensureindependence2:a)betweenI&CsystemsperformingdiversesafetyfunctionswithincategoryAwhichcontributetothesamesafetytarget;b)betweenI&Csystemsperformingdifferentfunctionsfromdifferentcategoriesife.g.acategoryBfunctionisclaimedasback-upofacategoryAfunctionand;c)betweenredundantchannelsofthesameI&Csystem.TheimplementationoftheserequirementsleadstovarioustypesofdefenceagainstinitiatingCCFevents.MeanstoachieveprotectionagainstCCFarediscussedinthisstandardinrelationto:a)susceptibilitytointernalplanthazardsandexternalhazards;b)propagationofphysicaleffectsinthehardware(e.g.highvoltages);andc)avoidanceofspecificfaultsandvulnerabilitieswithintheI&Csystemsnotably:1)propagationoffunctionalfailureinI&CsystemsorbetweendifferentI&Csystems(e.g.bymeansofcommunication,faultorerroronsharedresources),2)existenceofcommonfaultsintroducedduringdesignorduringsystemoperation(e.g.maintenanceinducedfaults),3)insufficientsystemvalidationsothatthesystembehaviourinresponsetoinputsignaltransientsdoesnotadequatelycorrespondtotheintendedsafetyfunctions,4)insufficientqualificationoftherequiredpropertiesofhardware,insufficientverificationofsoftwarecomponents,orinsufficientverificationofcompatibilitybetweenreplacedandexistingsystemcomponents.
【中国标准分类号】:F60
【国际标准分类号】:27_120_20
【页数】:24P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语